The Andean Community of Nations

The Andean Community of Nations The Andean Community of Nations History The history of the Andean Community of Nations started on the 26th of May 1969, when Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru signed the Cartagena Agreement. This was the launch of the Andean Integration process and was also known as the Andean Pact, (Andean Community of Nations, a brief history, par. 1). On February the 13th 1973, Venezuela joined the agreement and on the 30th of October 1976, and Chile withdraw itself out of de community. Also Venezuela withdraws itself out of de community. This happened in April 2006. All the bodies and institutions of the Andean Community of Nations as we know today were created in the first ten years of the organisation except for the Andean Council of Presidents. This was created in 1990 ( Andean Community of Nations, a brief history, par. 4). Objectives The Andean Community of Nations has six objectives: to promote the Member countries harmonious development throughout integration and economic and social cooperation to accomplish growth and to create employment to assist participation in terms of regional integration with the purpose of a creation of a Latin America common market to reduce the differences that exist between the member countries to consequently search for the improvement of the living conditions of the citizens living in the region of the Andean Community of Nations to improve the role of their member countries in the world and the international economy ( Andean Community of Nations, what are our objectives?). Tactics and actions Organisation and structure The Andean Community of Nations consists of 4 members: Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. The observer countries are Mexico and Panama. The Andean Community of Nations has thirteen bodies and institutions: Andean Council of Presidents The Council of Presidents is highest body of the organisation and is responsible for the making guidelines for the rest of the organisation Andean Council of Foreign Affairs This body is made up of all the foreign affairs ministers of the member countries and is responsible for making and carry out the foreign policy of the organisation Andean Community Commission The Commission is the main policy- making body of the Andean Community of Nations Andean Community General Secretariat The General Secretariat is the executive body of the organisation and has the responsibility of drawing decisions for the Council of Foreign Affairs Andean Community Court of Justice This Community is the legislative body of the organisation and is made up of four judges of the four member countries. They are responsible for ensuring that the laws of the Community are being applied appropriately. Andean Parliament The Andean Parliament is the body that represent the citizens of the member countries. Andean Development Corporation This Corporation is the financial institution of the organisation. They support the public and private sector of the member countries as well as the governments. Latin America Reserve fund The purpose of this Fund is to give financial assistance to the member countries by giving credits or loans and it also helps the member countries to harmonize their financial and monetary policies. Andean Business Advisory Council Andean Labour Advisory Council Andean Health Body Simon Rodriguez Convention Simon Bolivar University All the above mentioned bodies and institutions are part of the Andean Integration System (SAI). This system was designed to allow effective coordination between al the bodies and institutions in order to maximize the Andean integration. Introduction based on questions 1 -7 The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that e-government can play in Regional International Organizations in Central- en South America. First it is important what is meant by e-government. E-government is also known as electronic government, e-gov, digital government or online government. Technology, or e-government, is the way of exchanging information and services with citizens, businesses, organisations and other arms of government. E-government also entails the use of information technology to free movement of information to overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and psychical bases systems, as well as the use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees. E-government comprises activities that take place by digital processes over a computer network, usually the internet. These activities generally involve the electronic exchange of information to acquire or provide products or service, to place or receive orders, to provide or obtain information, or to complete financial transactions. Second it is important to examine what is meant by Regional Organizations in Central- en South America. Regional Organizations are international organizations which bring together countries occupying a certain region with shared needs and interest for the purpose of closer cooperation and or integration. According to the Yearbook of International organizations there are eight criteria for inclusion under the international organization: The aims must be genuinely international with the intention to cover at least three states Membership must be individual or collective participation, with full voting rights, and must be open to any individual or entity appropriately qualified in the organizations area of operations. Voting must be so that no national group can control the organization The constitution must provide for a formal structure giving members the right periodically to elect governing bodies and officers. Provision should be made for continuity of operations with a permanent headquarter Officers should not all be of the same nationality for more than a given period. There should be a substantial contribution to the budget from at least three states and there should be no attempt to make profit for distribution to members Those with an organic relationship with other organisation must show that it can exist independently and elect its own officials Evidence of current activities must be available Negative criteria are: size, politics, ideology, field of activity, geographical location of headquarters, nomenclature, is irrelevant deciding whether a set-up is an international organisation or not REFERENCES There are two ways of defining Central America. It is possible to define Central America as a region of the North American continent. Geopolitically spoken, it comprises seven countries Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Mexico is often included. In Latin America and in Europe, the Americas are considered to be a continent and Central America is a region of that continent. The United Nations geoscheme defines the region as all states of North America south of the United States; conversely; the European Union excludes Belize and Mexico from its definition of the region. South America comprises the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. Besides those countries are there also various islands, many of which belong to countries of the continent. Geopolitically, the islands states and overseas territories of the Caribbean are generally grouped as a part of sub region of North America. Third, it is important to know what the main Regional Organisations are in Central- and South America. The main Regional International Organisations are: Mercado Comun del Sur (MERCOSUR) The Andean Community of Nations The Union of South American Nations (Unasur/Unasul) The Organization of American States (OAS) Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH) Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la AmÃÆ'Â ©rica Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) The Inter- American Development Bank Associacao Latino-Americana de Intergracao / Asociacion Latino-Americana de Intergracion (ALADI) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) Latin American Economic System (SELA) Latin American Centre for Development Administration (CLAD) Mercado Comun Del Sur and the Andean Community of Nations are two Regional International Organisations which have great influence in the region. The two organisations are the two main trading blocks and therefore the choice was made to examine them further in the rapport. Mercosur (Mercado Comun del Sur) Mercosur or Mercado Comun del Sur, is a trading bloc in South America. The trading bloc is the fourth-largest trading bloc in the world and the largest in South America. The bloc comprises Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and was founded in 1991 by the treaty of Asuncion. In 1994 the treaty of Ouro Preto gave the organisation a wider international status and formalised a sustoms union. The organisations headquarters lies in the capital of Uruguay Montevideo. Mercosur has two official languages; Spanish and Portuguese. The rotation of the presidency of Mercosur between member states takes place every six months. The Mercosur institutions include among others: Common Market Council Common Market Group Commission of Commerce of Mercosur Parliament of Mercosur The parliament of Mercosur was inaugurated in December 2006. Initially, the parliament serves only as an advisory committee for the foreign ministers of the Mercosur member states. The four states that conform Mercosur find expression in their democratic, defending societies of the fundamental liberties, the human rights. They unite to fight against poverty and unite to bring economic development and legal security. The fundamental objective of the treaty of Asuncion is the integration of the four states parts, through the free movement of goods, capital, services and people among its member states, the establishment of a common external tariff and the adoption of a common commercial policy. The Mercosur countries count a population of more than 220 million people and have a collective output of $1.1 trillion, accounting for over 75 percent of South Americas GDP with $800 billion for Brazils count. Mercosur has 5 associated members; Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The fact that they are associated members means that can join free-trade agreements but they remain outside the blocs customs union. There were moves to include Chile as full member, but these were suspended after Chile signed a free-trade deal with the United States in 2002. On the 4th of July 2006, Venezuela became the fifth full member of Mercosur. Venezuela, a leading oil and gas producer gave Mercosur greter economic clout, but it raised fairs that the controversial Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez could use the group as a platform for his anti-US stance. Klonsky, J. (2007). Mercosur: South Americas Fractious Trade Bloc. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Council on Foreign Relations Website: http://www.cfr.org/publication/12762/ Mercosur, Quienes Somos. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Mercosurs official website. Website: http://www.mercosur.int/msweb/portal%20intermediario/es/index.htm BBC, Profile: Mercosur Common Market of the South. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Internation Organisations Website: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5195834.stm

Cause and Effect Essay

With more mothers entering the workforce, children are learning to depend more on themselves or other relatives to get what they need. As more mothers are away at work, dads often become the primary caregiver in the home. The increasing number of mothers in the workforce has created time conflicts for many families. Families are trying to find alternative ways to do the work traditionally done by the stay-at-home Mom. Some is done by other family members, some is bought from third parties like daycare workers or house keepers, and some is simply left undone. Working mothers get time away from their family, to think in quiet and to focus on something other than the relentless drumbeat of children’s needs. Even working mothers in jobs that involve serving customers may find that their kids’ demands are the most relentless. Every working mother who has enjoyed a peaceful cup of coffee at work knows what I’m talking about. A lunch break spent running errands or getting a hair cut can still be a welcome break from children. Someone recently asked me why daycare children are so confident and outgoing. While I don’t feel that statement is universally true, I do believe that being in child care helps kids to develop independence and confidence. Every day they separate from their moms and dads, and things turn out okay. It’s wonderful to see children develop loving relationships with their caregivers, and learn different things from them than they would have learned from their parents. Exposure to multiple perspectives — both caregivers and other kids — makes children more resilient and able to interact with a range of people as they grow up. That’s a recipe for success in life. Mothers have to enter the workforce to support their family. This hasn’t always been the case as we know from looking at our past. It was normal for the father to work and the mother to stay home with the children. Unfortunately, times have changed and divorce rates have gone up. To keep up with the rising costs and the splitting of a household, mothers have joined the workforce to help provide for the home. This now raises the question, if the mother is not home with the kids, how are the children effected? Three possible ways that children are affected from mothers entering the workforce have to grow up in daycare, becoming more independent, and being less involved with family. The first possible effect is a child having to grow up in daycare. With the need for more income, moms are no longer staying home. Children are now being taken care of all day—and sometimes night—by the daycare facilities. I am a single mother and I have to take my daughter to daycare five days a week. If I did not have my daycare facility to take my daughter, I would not be able to work. The only thing that is wrong is that these facilities have become the place for children to learn valuable life lessons. What used to be the mother’s duty is now being placed upon the daycare centers. They are helping nurture and teach these children how to share, potty train, respect others, and so many other valuable life lessons. All these things used to be the job of the stay at home mom. I miss being there for the life lessons, but I have to support my family. I also have to deal with my child getting sick more often. She is normally around six to eight kids every day

Best Persona Essay Samples - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

Best Persona Essay Samples - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesn't The Dirty Facts About Best Persona Essay Samples If you're looking to obtain a jump on writing, you may attempt to confirm with the school (or the Common App) in the event the essay questions will be exactly like the prior year's. The personal essay is among the most common sorts of writing assignment--and not just in freshman composition courses. A personal statement gives you professional programs the chance to find out more about you make the most of it. If you're asking for a BSN program your written statement may be known as a personal statement rather than an essay. Generally, admission committees want creative men and women who have the ability to think beyond the box. A personal statement is among the most significant documents as soon as it comes to admission in nearly every area. Don't forget, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and u nderstand the task better. A student might wind up with the sentence resulting in the next point, but don't enter the details. Who Else Wants to Learn About Best Persona Essay Samples? Writing an excellent paper will ask that you concentrate on a lot of vivid specifics and look at them from another angle. Creativity is definitely valued here. Expressing yourself with written words is a real art. There are lots of points to contemplate. The personal statement is your very best opportunity to showcase your writing, so spend the opportunity to craft a piece you're really pleased with. The titles permit us to string together a type of thematic necklace. Though it's annoying, starting over is sometimes the ideal approach to find an essay that you're really pleased with. You won't ever get bored in the class of writing because it is similar to ranting all your thoughts in a scholarly and intellectual method. You are, after all, attempting to persuade the reader that you're the ca ndidate they wish to admit. Being aware of what to expect after you graduate can help you choose which program to apply for and allow you to target your statement or essay in a manner that will present your commitment. Paragraphs often have the very same structure as the whole essay. Personal essays, however, provide you with more freedom in comparison to the other kinds of essays. Narrative essays normally have fewer requirements concerning the format when compared to admission essays. The essay you submit to HPA ought to be a draft of the essay you mean to submit to the frequent application support. Essays 4,000 words max ought to have a literary quality. When composing various essay examples, you will encounter plenty of ideas that you might have rarely thought about before. In addition, it is a fantastic place to polish your essay up and correct small grammar, spelling and other forms of mistakes. With the assistance of ready personal essay examples it is possible to r eceive a crystal clear picture of the structure, interesting elements and plot twists, which might greatly improve the grade of your essay. Once you get a compelling topic, choose the principal idea you wish to communicate and introduce it using a bang. Naturally, it's even more advisable to find a head start and start your planning earlier. Once you have made all prior steps, it's time to compose a rough draft. There's no opportunity to risk! Ruthless Best Persona Essay Samples Strategies Exploited Unlike another kind of essays, personal essays are somewhat more flexible and versatile. Indeed, essay topics can fluctuate. Analyze what you have to write in the essay and the way you want the readers to react to it. Ask three distinct experts what a personal essay is and you will likely get three unique answers. Today's tips concentrate on the personal essay. Selecting the essay topic for your private essay is easy as you're well familiarized with the subject. What Best Persona Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not Since the most important point of the essay is to give schools a feeling of who you are, you've got to open up enough to allow them to see your personality. So, once you are sitting down to compose an essay, you want to keep in mind that you need to express your personality there. Normally, such an essay functions as a reflection on an event that happened in your life and shifted it in some manner. The essay isn't about camping whatsoever, but about the fragile character of nature.

Air Asia Operational Information Management in Strategy...

Operational Information Management in Strategy and Operations: A Case of Air Asia to venture into Regional and International Markets 1.0 Introduction This study was intended to analyze the electronic marketing strategy on a selected budget airline based in Malaysia, Air Asia which aims to identify its potential future market segments. The study also explore on how current information systems strategy adopted by the Air Asia, in which could help the company to strengthen its position as a leading low cost airline and effective new market segment help their mission practically. Therefore, this consulting study would provide a microscopic analysis on the impact of current electronic marketing strategy development process as desired in the†¦show more content†¦E-Commerce makes use of Information and Communication Technology to transfer information through digital or multi-media networks. The aimed of Air Asia to adopt E-Commerce strategy was to make transactions electronically a s to enhance relationship with both existing and potential customers. The Internet combined the networks of information, finance, and logistics to enable Air Asia have a faster flow (Tedeschi, B., 1999a). In a recent report by Tedeschi, B., (1999b), who described that, An increase in users increases markets, as markets expand, more businesses are attracted, which in turn drives the development of better, more stable and secure technology to facilitate E-Commerce. A stable, secure environment for exchanging mission-critical and monetary information only draws more businesses and consumers to the Internet and ensures the growth pattern continues. If what Tedeschi B. said was reasonable, then E-Commerce was the exchange of goods and services for value on the Internet was evolving into a more cost-effective, productive and simple way to do business. The preliminary E-Commerce strategies of Air Asia was found that a modest investment in a simple Web site could develop into a commitment t o E-Commerce as a major component of the business plan (Buyck, Cathy, 2002). At the stage of development, E-Commerce defined by Air Asia was much more complicated than any other business model could apply, it was evidenced by the combination of information technologyShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Fedex And Ups993 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance. It is the world’s largest parcel delivery company with more than $25 billion in annual revenues. UPS delivers around 13 million packages each day and also helps its customers with supply chain management, logistics, and financial services. The industry offers two basic products that are air and ground deliveries. Three major competitors, FedEx, UPS and USPS, rule both of the product lines. 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