EVIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EVIL - Essay Example Therefore, even the ideal moral judge like God has to draw arbitrary line even when deciding on the number of evil things he would allow; therefore, the vague line guarantees that some evils in the world are gratuitous (Sullivan 398-402). Inwagen’s strategy and enlightenments to the evil problem are very significant in enhancing people’s understanding, and rather than giving an entirely critical response, he offers contributions and then explains their significance. Inwagen condemns the normal taxonomy regarding the problem of evil and provides a substitute all of which are important (Ã… ukasiewicz 448-450). The disadvantage that Inwagen points out includes analytic philosophers haste in categorizing the argument from evil into two, which involves the logical argument and evidential argument from evil. The logical problem from evil purports to indicate that the existence of both God and evil is logically impossible; nevertheless, defenders of evidential argument from e vil grant that the existence of both God and evil to be possible (Van 8). However, Inwagen insists it is unlikely that God exists given the extent as well as the degree of evil observed; hence, he notes that logical as well as evidential distinction are only but relics of history. Furthermore, Inwagen points out historical differences that usually encourage theists to consider sufficient response concerning argument from evil (Shabo 107-110). Instead of the conventional classifications, Inwagen provides an alternative way of classifying all arguments from evil with their scope of evil that is given as evidence against God’s existence. Inwagen’s global argument from evil posits that if God existed, then the world would never have evil; however, the world has vast amount of evil, which points out that God never exists. On the other hand, Inwagen’s local argument from evil posits that if God were there, then the world would never have particular evil; however, the world

Nursing - Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing - Nursing Leadership - Essay Example Quality service is tantamount to efficiency and satisfaction of patients. Patients have to be satisfied not just on their healing progress but specifically on how they are handled on the process. Nurses are the ones exposed to them in most of the time especially on administering their needs. This specific situation is clearly requiring someone else who has enough understanding about leadership process and functions. This essay discusses nursing leadership in general. Leadership in service Service is a crucial part of the role nurses have on their patients. Medical practitioners or staffs are expected to provide quality service as possible in order to address the current needs of the patients. Nurses today are expected to be the frontline leaders in the medical care because they are the immediate helpers who can provide the needs of patients anytime. As long as patients are provided with the best medical care, nurses are expected to essentially provide what they are expected to showca se in their service. Nurses have to be imparted with the vision of standard quality service. This makes them create certain things on their part in order to achieve the vision. This specific task requires essentially the concept of leadership because of the idea of imparting the vision through the quality of service that is to be required. On the other hand, competition is everywhere and patients are sophisticated that they want the best out of what they pay. This can only be met by providing them the best service as possible. Nurses, doctors and other related health practitioners are exposed to providing the kind of service that patients expect. Thus, they have to be well trained in every aspect about how to provide not just better, but quality and satisfying service. This definitely encompasses quality work environment, implementation of new models of care, and health and wellbeing of nursing workforce (Wong et al., 2010). Leadership in research Nursing requires research because n urses need to be updated with information on how to address the current need of the society. As technology improves day by day, the health and medical industry is expected to provide the best service as possible. This specifically calls for each medical practitioner or staff to be highly informed with the latest innovation in technology. This primarily requires special attention. In fact, various researches are regarding productivity and efficiency of nurses with respect to the advancement of technology. Furthermore, nurses are expected to provide the best ideas as possible that could help improve the entire service. This has to be integrated with the latest innovation in technology plus the extra know-how. It requires both skills and knowledge in order to achieve the best possible result. On the other hand, nurses nowadays are required to adapt evidence-based practice information as definitely essential component of nursing leadership (Staffileno & Carlson, 2010). In other words, n urses have to be the leading practitioners in discovering new ideas and other related information in line with providing the best quality and standard health care. This definitely calls them to be the leading practitioners in discovering what is essentially good for their patients and for the quality care in the health

Emotional Intelligence Academic Achievement Motivation Among Adolescents Education Essay

Emotional Intelligence Academic Achievement Motivation Among Adolescents Education Essay The present paper is an attempt to examine relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation. It also studies the emotional intelligence of students with high, average and low academic achievement motivation. Sample for the study includes 105 students (48 boys and 57 girls) of class XII of Patna. The data were analyzed with the help of product moment coefficients of correlation. The findings of the study reveal positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation. The study also reveals that students with high, average and low academic achievement motivation differ from one another on emotional intelligence. KEYWORDS: Emotional intelligence, Academic achievement motivation. ______________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION The rapid development of the era is challenging the adolescents to face the wave of globalization. Thus, the ability to control the emotions has become important for not carried away by the flow of negative and evil elements. A high emotional intelligence helps to maintain a state of harmony in oneself and finally be more self-confident in dealing with the challenges of living and learning in educational institutions. Emotional Intelligence is a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills and facilitators that determine how effectively we understand and express ourselves, understand others and relate with them, and cope with daily demands and pressures (Bar-On, 2006). It is that part of the human spirit which motivates us to perform, which gives us energy to demonstrate behaviours such as intentionality, persistence, creativity, impulse control, social deftness, compassion, intuition and integrity (Kapp, 2002). Lam and Kirby (2002) are of the opinion that emotional intelligence involves perceiving, understanding, and regulating emotions. High emotional intelligence can contribute to a student in the learning process (Goleman, 1996; Elias, Ubriaco, Reese et al., 1992, Svetlana, 2007). Students low on emotional intelligence may find failure more difficult to deal with, which undermines their academic motivation (Drago, 2004). Academic motivation is defined as enthusiasm for academic achievement which involves the degree to which students possess certain specific behavioural characteristics related to motivation (Hwang et al, 2002). It is the orientation to the actions which is important to compel with the perfect standards. Goc (2010) has stated the factors affecting studentsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ achievement motivation as; effectiveness of the teacher, friends, the individuals attitude towards school, students perceptions about their own abilities, past experiences (positive or negative), the importance given to the students success, parents approaches towards their children and school. For many years educators, professionals and the public alike have been focusing on the intellectual achievement of individuals. In the past, perceived cognitive potential, more than any other factor has been seen as a predictor of academic achievement. It has, however, been established that despite an individual having the intellectual potential to succeed at institutions of higher education, he/she may experience difficulty dealing with emotional issues, have poor relationships, and be ineffective in his/her decision making (Goleman,1995). These observations, among others, have led to the realization that individuals from changing populations may require more than intellectual abilities to exist and thrive academically. All students experience frustration and failure to achieve their goals. They depend on the strength of fortitude to control their negative thoughts and feelings. If they are able to control emotions, they will achieve the academic goals as well (Dweck, 1996). Finnegan (1998) argued that school should help students learn the abilities underlying the emotional intelligence. This he believes could lead to achievement from formal education years of the child. Likewise, Abisamra (2000) reported that there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. He therefore canvassed for inclusion of emotional intelligence in the schoolsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ curricula. Parker et al (2004) in their study found that highly successful students scored higher than the unsuccessful group on emotional intelligence. In the same vein, Low and Nelson (2004) reported that emotional intelligence skills are key factors in the academic achievement and test perfor mance of high school and college students respectively. A study conducted by Rode et al (2007) predicted that emotional intelligence was related to academic performance for two reasons. First, academic performance involves a great deal of ambiguity. Second, majority of academic work is self-directed, requiring high levels of self-management. Therefore, individuals with high emotional intelligence would perform better academically. Similarly, a study conducted on children aged 4 years found that controlling the impulses of action have shown their ability in achieving good academic and good social skills when they are in their adolescence (Shoda, Mischel, and Peake, 1990). Contribution of emotional management to academic performance was also supported by research done by MacCann et al (2011). The results suggest that better educational outcomes might be achieved by targeting skills relating to emotion management and problem-focused coping. Svetlana (2007) suggests the need to incorpor ate emotional intelligence training into secondary education curricula, due to a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. The intent of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic achievement motivation among adolescents. Scant research exists on the relationship of emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation in India. There are two major reasons for this. First, the emotional intelligence [EI] construct is relatively new (Mayer Salovey, 1990). Second, a century of research on general intelligence and cognitive performance has overshadowed the role of non-cognitive EI factors that may effect academic achievement. This has led to a consensus among educators that cognitive factors, like high scores on intelligence tests, predict student performance in college (Jensen, 1998). Yet, many students still fail to live up to their true potential despite their IQ or previous academic performance. Conversely, some college students with mediocre grades have managed to complete a college or university education. Both of these examples suggest that other factors, specifically non-cognitive EI factors, may be at work. In essence, the importance of emotional intelligence on academic achievement motivation has been found to be very significant. Nevertheless, and in spite of the studies reviewed, there is still a need to further investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence to academic achievement motivation most especially in country like India, where most researchers are yet to show interest in the construct. Investigations that address the interrelatedness of emotional intelligence and elements of academic achievement at institutions of higher education will strengthen the relationships between these constructs. The research findings may also support the need to incorporate emotional intelligence curriculum into college academic programs. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were- 1. To study the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation.* 2. To study emotional intelligence of students with high, average and low academic achievement motivation.* METHODOLOGY: The sample for the present study consisted of 105 class XII students. Out of which 48 were boys and 57 were girls. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample. Academic Achievement Motivation Test of Dr. T. R. Sharma and Emotional Intelligence Inventory by Dr. S. K. Mangal and Mrs. Shubra Mangal were used as tools for the study. High, average and low groups of academic achievement motivation were formulated on the basis of the norms set by the Academic Achievement Motivation Test of Dr. T. R. Sharma. Product moment coefficients of correlation were computed for the analysis of the data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TABLE 1 VALUES OF COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION Groups Sample Size (N) Correlation Coefficient (r) Total 105 0.275 Boys 48 0.225 Girls 57 0.344 Perusal of Table 1 shows that the values of coefficient of correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation for total sample, boys and girls are .275, .225 and .344 respectively. It means that there is low positive correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation among total sample and both boys and girls. It may be due to the reason that as they are better motivated to handle, manage and control their emotions, their academic achievement motivation also increases. The above finding draws support from the findings of Mahyuddin, Elias and Noordin (2009). They also found significant correlation between EQ and academic achievement motivation. However, Bissessar (2008) and Drago (2004) found no relationship between emotional intelligence and intrinsic motivation and achievement motivation respectively. * This objective was achieved with reference to total sample, boys and girls separately. TABLE 2 LEVEL WISE VALUES OF COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION Groups Level of Academic Achievement Motivation Sample Size (N) Correlation Coefficient (r) Total High 25 0.320 Average 71 0.198 Low 9 -0.320 Boys High 17 0.422 Average 28 0.104 Low 3 0.127 Girls High 8 -0.012 Average 43 0.200 Low 6 -0.770 Values of coefficient correlation depicted in table 2 reveal that there is low positive correlation between emotional intelligence scores and high and average levels of academic achievement motivation i.e. (= .320 and .198 respectively). Value -0.320 depicts the negative correlation between the emotional intelligence and low level of academic achievement motivation for the total sample. In case of boys, there is positive correlation between emotional intelligence and high, average and low levels of academic achievement motivation i.e. (= .422, .104 and .127 respectively). In case of girls, there is negative correlation between emotional intelligence and high and low levels of academic achievement motivation i.e. (= -0.012 and -0.770 respectively). Average level of academic achievement motivation is positively correlated with emotional intelligence (= .200) for the selected sample of girls. CONCLUSIONS There is low positive correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement motivation among both boys and girls that indicates with increase in emotional intelligence, the students are academically motivated. There is low positive correlation between emotional intelligence scores and high and average levels of academic achievement motivation. Emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with low level of academic achievement motivation for the total sample. In case of boys, there is positive correlation between emotional intelligence and high, average and low levels of academic achievement motivation. High and low levels of academic achievement motivation are negatively correlated and average level of academic achievement motivation is positively correlated with emotional intelligence for the selected sample of girls. IMPLICATIONS Excellent performance in academic is the key target and goal for each student regardless of ethnic group. In order to obtain good results, apart from effective learning techniques, students should be able to recognize themselves in particular of self emotions, so that it does not become a stumbling to success. Hence the need to identify oneself, emotional intelligence should be noted not only for academic interest but also for success in life. The key to obtain success of learning is to give full attention and concentration during the process of teaching learning. High level of emotional intelligence can help calm the mind and thus to increase the absorption of information received. As a result it will contribute to their academic achievement. It is recommended that studentsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ academic achievement should be enhanced with the use of emotional intelligence training. The inclusion of emotional intelligence as part of the curriculum could lead to a variety of positive personal, social and societal outcomes. Increasing emotional intelligence may not only facilitate the learning process and improve career choice and likelihood of success, but could also enhance the probability of better personal and social adaptation in general. The educational experience would be more balanced or holistic as it would focus on educating the whole person. There could also be beneficial effects for the institutions, improving the environment in which the educational experience occurs. Students need the ability to appraise a situation correctly, react appropriately in difficult circumstances and exercise stress tolerance or display impulse control when making judgments about academic decisions. Students need activities and advising sessions that help establish proactive patterns that increase awareness about emotional intelligence. The goal is to foster skills that lead to academic success.

Minority Report: The Book vs the Movie Essay example -- compare/contr

It is a fool-proof system born to ensure absolute safety†¦but when it crumbles, would you go against everything it stands for just to save it? This is the platform that Philip K. Dick, author of the sci-fi short story "The Minority Report" (MR), has given us. Set in a futuristic New York City, we see Police Commissioner John A. Anderton as the founder of a promising new branch of policing: Precrime, a system that uses "Precogs" (mutated and retarded oracles) to predict all future crimes. However, the system appears to backfire when Anderton himself is accused to kill a man he's never even heard of. The movie adaptation by the same name also centers on a younger Chief Anderton, a respected employee of Precrime, predicted to murder a complete stranger who he was unaware existed. Amidst scandal, betrayal, and distrust, both Andertons must run from the justice system they've worked so hard to put in place, and admit to themselves, as well as to society, that a perfect system cannot be born of imperfect humans. Though the basis of the film's plot and major conflict stayed true to the story's, many changes were made to the personalities and roles of the characters, as well as the nature and detail of the main conflict and the sub-conflicts. Dick presents our main character, Commissioner John Anderton, as the balding, pot-bellied founder of a revolutionary new crime detection system who's been showing his years for longer than he'd care to remember. In the short story, he has just acquired a new assistant, Ed Witwer, and fears being replaced by the younger man. In the beginning, Anderton is portrayed as slightly insecure about his job (to the point of near paranoia of being set-up), as well as his importance to society, though by the e... ...d. While in MR, Anderton is trying to accept the inevitability of retiring and what may be his less useful future, in the movie, much of his struggle is with his past, and the guilt he feels. His conflicts still revolve around evading Witwer and Lamar, whether to murder to prevent murder, and his own inner turmoil. Though the similarities in the most obvious conflicts, those between Anderton and Kaplan, the protagonist and antagonist, and fate remain intact, it is obvious that Philip Dick's story has been expanded upon and the main characters made to fit the "big screen". Both stories, however, address the contradictions and repercussions of trying to encourage free will and safety in an ultimately predetermined setting, the basic moral conflict of destroying what is meant to represent a utopian security, as well as the issue of trading freedom for protection.

Cyber Law: Its Implementation in Nepal

Research Proposal on A COMPARATIVE PROPOSAL FOR TRIAL BY JURY IN NEPALI LEGAL SYSTEM Submitted to BA/LLB Programme Nepal Law Campus Faculty of Law Tribhuvan University Submitted by SauravNath Pant BA/LLB, 3rd Year Roll No. 13 Section: A March 3, 2013 1. 1 Introduction I have always been a firm believer in trial by jury. Somehow it is ingrained in me. As it is in most Englishmen. It is a lesson which has been handed down from one generation to another during the last 800 years.The trial by jury – a tradition held dear to the British – is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or, makes findings of fact which are then applied by a judge. It usually comprises of 12 men. The jury system is a system developed in the Common Law, taken as its integral part which mandates that â€Å"No free man shall be captured and or, imprisoned or, disseised of his freehold and or, exiled, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against him by force or proceed again st him by arms, but by the lawful judgement of his peers. † The Jury System can be traced back upto the Greek and the Roman era.The Greeks were succeeded by the Romans while the Roman Empire collapsed. But it is largely the British System that has embodied the Jury System and established it as a tradition of the Common Law System. King William – the Conqueror established the Norman Dynasty in England by his conquest of England in 1066. The Jury System was introduced by a Norman King in England. One day the King was watching the justice delivery process, and noticed that a single judge could not always impart fair justice. Hence he observed that twelve laymen could give better justice than a judge.As a result he asked his advisors to compose a jury of 12 people along with a judge to settle the disputes filed at the court of law. The Magna Carta of 1215 further secured trial by jury stating that, * For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a royal court.None of these fines shall be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood. * Earls and barons shall be fined only by their equals, and in proportion to the gravity of their offence. * To any man whom we have deprived or dispossessed of lands, castles, liberties, or rights, without the lawful judgement of his equals, we will at once restore these. * If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties, or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them.A dispute on this point shall be determined in the Marches by the judgement of equals. English law shall apply to holdings of land in E ngland, Welsh law to those in Wales, and the law of the Marches to those in the Marches. The Welsh shall treat us and ours in the same way. It has already been stated that the history of Jury System covers over a period of 800 years. During that period the Jury System developed, and changed with time but never discarded. Some instances of its course of development is given below: 1. The Principle of Unanimous: This principle was established in 1367 and it lasted for 600 years until 1967.In 1967, the parliament altered it. The verdict was held valid if the majority was ten to two. 2. The jury were kept without food, heat or light once they retired to consider their verdict. The time –hallowed formula was, ‘Without meat, drink, fire or candle’ 3. Once only reasonable men (with some qualifications) were allowed to sit as juror. Now all people, men or , women, deaf or , blind, honest or, dishonest could sit as jurymen. All who are 18 years of age and are listed to th e voter’s list are qualified as jury men. Yes, in the past 800 years or, so the Jury System has changed a lot.So much so that Lord Denning himself considers 19th century to be the golden age of Trial by Jury. But it is not these changes that have led Lord Blackstone in his lectures in 1758 to say: ‘Trial by jury ever has been, and I trust ever will be, looked upon as the glory of the English law†¦. It is the most transcendent privilege which any subject can enjoy, or wish for, that he cannot be affected either in his property, his liberty, or his person, but by the unanimous consent of twelve of his neighbours and equals’ It is the cases decided by the Jury and the way in which one man may be convicted.A person may only be convicted if his equals (or, in the broad sense- the society) finds him to be guilty. Instances have been recorded where the Jury has upheld justice worked for the development of human rights, and even acted as an important check against t he state power. The cases will be discussed later but a special mention to the case of ‘the King’s Brewer and the Seven Bishops’ is to be made here. The verdict of the Jury defied the powers of the king and sent the whole of the country into partying.Also the system brings forth the sense of High Drama, into the courtroom. Nevertheless, the advantages offered such as giving ordinary folks their most useful lessons in citizenship, giving the people an active and decisive part in the administration of justice and in establishment of habit of obedience in law are the very reason (along with fact of being once ruled by England or, having accepted Common Law) that has led a number of countries like America, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Greece and so on to accept the Jury System.Our good motherland, Nepal however has not accepted the Jury System everthough following a moreover mined form or, in its own way a unique form of legal system which is seen to be highl y dominated by the Common Law System. 1. 2 Statement of Problem It is a matter of fact that we find in Nepal the large dominance of the Common Law System. Moreover we can say that Nepal has accepted the Common Law System at large.The characteristic feature of the Common Law System such as precedent, the role of the judge, the role of the lawyers, the power in the judges to make the law and also the power in the judge to interpret and enlarge the scope of the law and so on are found in the Neaplese law. They do show the high influence of the Common Law system into the Nepali Legal System. But one major characteristic trait still remains to be embodied into the Nepali Legal Systems, i. e, the Jury System. The notion to forward the need of Jury system in Nepal can also be done through a little change in the consideration.In many countries of continental Europe and Japan the belief that ‘a single judge is not a judge’ has played significant role in strengthening the quality of justice, therefore they normally compose the bench of three judges even at the trial level. At the appellate level hearing by more than half a dozen judges is a common legal practice. This concept of plural adjudication has not been yet accepted in Nepal, exception to the Supreme Court and Appellate Court where normally two judges decide the case.At the trial level, till today, the case is being decided by one judge, which leads to cause imperfect justice and therefore some sort of dis-satisfaction in the people as seen in Nepal. However, here we necessarily do not need to imply that the Jury system as seen in England is necessary but we may say more definitely and positively, for example: Japanese did not follow the Jury System but accepted the idea of securing assistance from the assistant judges and study groups. Instead of Jury, the Chinese accepted the concept of People Assessors and Judicial Committees making them responsible to find the truth in the case.Even the Indian c ourts, on some ocassions, have begun to compose such study groups and accept the rule of public participation particularly in the LokAdalat. Public participation is an important aspect for the growth in the Judicial culture. Here the Jury will pay a great role to develop public confidence toward justice system. Our system in delivery in justice is incomplete and the incomplete thing could not give complete achievement. Hence, is it not reasonable for Nepal to accept the Jury System?Similarly, the research paper also looks to find the answer to whether creation public participation can cause to solve the dissatisfaction seen towards the Judicial system. In Nepal, we also have the problem of taking any concept as an end and not as a means towards an end. The research paper will also look to give solution towards how we can establish the Jury System as a means towards an end and thus find solution towards some of the existing problems in the Judiciary. It looks to give suggestion towar ds the form in which we can apply the Jury System in Nepal. 1. Hypothesis History is the past wisdom and a storehouse of knowledge. It helps to understand the past, the coming up to the present time and also predict for the future. Nepal is a lucky country as historically she is very rich. The history of Nepal seems to date back way before the time of Lord Krishna and Mahabharata. We also find the mentioning of Nepal in the Vedas. Nepal may not have the concept as known to the world by the name of Jury System. But Nepal certainly has the fundamental notion of the Jury System known to her and to the history as the Panchayat.The adjudication of dispute by the people themselves was done in the Kirat and Lichhavi period through Panchalika and Grampanchayat. This concept fundamental to our land had been lost and resurrected by King Mahendra in the 2019 B. S. constitution. So, it is not necessary as a whole to name the concept next to be introduced in the Judicial System as the Jury Syste m but we can always give the name retaining the portion of history and culture and giving it to some extent the Nepali touch. The concept can be ours and we can always borrow the wisdom of Great Britain for practical usage.Hence, basically the merging up of the system into the Judiciary will give rise to our own set of the Jury System. The 2019 B. S. Constitution had established the various level of Panchayat formally. It was taken moreover as an Administrative body than a judicial one. It had some judicial function. It will only be doing justice to the history if we are to summon once again the local people as Panchayat to participate in the justice administration as a variation of the Jury System. Similarly, while looking towards the notion through the economic standpoint, we are to look at the history of the system in Britain.Its development will certainly give solution to the problem. If we are not to accept the whole developed form and research upon the form in which we can acc ept, then and only then can we establish the Jury System to serve as a means towards an end. The system should suit the country and be accepted by taking into consideration the conditions prevalent in Nepal. The functioning of the system should also be somewhat which will suit our country. For example: we should be able to decide what to what ratio verdict will convict the accused. Similarly, the qualification should also be made taking into consideration of the people.For example: at first instance, all should be qualified but only for the small types of crime. For complex cases of fraud, expert panel should be created or, at least people who can understand should be selected. The internal functioning should be designed to meet the need. The key issue in the research will be amalgamating tradition into the jury, establishing a more need suited Jury System taking into consideration the country as a whole and also to find solution to the economic problem that may arise from accepting the Jury System.However, initially the research paper will establish the Jury System as a positive way forward. 1. 4 General and Specific Objective The objective in general of this study is to establish the need of jury system in the judicial organ of the State and establish it as a positive way forward for the country. The research paper will look to show how this time tested formula will help the people and the State as a whole. At first instance the Jury System looks to work as a check against the State power. But side-by-side it also will be educating the people.The study has the following three specific objectives: 1. To study and recommend ways by which the jury can be made economically viable. 2. To suggest the way in which the Panchayat concept and the jury system be amalgamated in order to form an Anglo-Nepal hybrid Jury System. 3. The research paper will also look to furnish the plan of action: such as the majority needed for conviction, the expertise needed to sit as a j uror in complex cases and/or, political cases, the way in which prejudices can be removed and so on. 1. 5 Rationale of StudyThe main rationale of the study is the need to analyse the Jury system – its pros and cons, its obstacle for acceptance in Nepal and possible solutions and the format in which it is to be applied. Similarly, the research paper also looks to analyse how the acceptance will affect the Judiciary, common people and the nation as a whole. 1. 6 Limitations of Study This study is limited to comparative analysis of the pros and cons of the jury system. This study is also limited in the historical analysis of our own variation of the jury system along with economic problem and the form in which the clay is to be moulded i. . , the working analysis of the system. 1. 7 Research Methodology This study is based on doctrinal method of scientific research. Hence the research methods of field survey and primary empirical data gathering are not applied. Rather it is text ually driven. 1. 8 Organisation of Study For the purpose of conducting the study on the topic, the Seminar Paper will be divided into five chapters: * Chapter 1 deals with the introduction of the jury system and the views pertaining to the system. Chapter 2 deals with explaining the necessity of jury system in Nepal * Chapter 3 deals with Nepal’s own experience in history with a Nepali variation of the system * Chapter 4 deals with problems that may arise if we are to accept the system * Finally, the last Chapter 5 is the concluding chapter which looks to furnish suggestions for the way in which the jury system can be adopted and the problems be countered. 1. 9 Literature Review For the purpose of the research, I have gone through the following research works, books, constitutions and websites. 1.A research paper by Krishna Prasad Sharma Nepal on ‘Restructuring of the Judiciary in Nepal with special reference to Access to Justice’. Here the author has suggested f or restructuring of the judiciary in Nepal, which my work also looks to do. He had not touched upon the issue of jury and my paper looks to do so. 2. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, London: Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982: In this book the author had highlighted upon the jury system and its tradition. He has also mentioned some of the cases decided by jury having high national significance.He also has given the development and certain rules pertaining to the jury system. Similarly, he has given suggestions for improvement. This book is the major source from where the inspiration to write the research paper has been drawn. 3. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000: In this book the author has analysed the development of Nepali law and also has pointed out some problems which have created dissatisfaction among the people in the judiciary. 4.RevatiramanKhanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu: Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. : In this book the complete history of Nepal’s legal system has been sketched. From this book, I have taken the fact about the historical concept of the Panchayat and come up with the idea of amalgamation into jury system. 5. Rene David, Major Legal System in the World Today, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985: In this book the various major legal systems have been analysed. This book helped me understand some of the major characters of the Common Law System. 6.Constitution of Nepal, 2019 B. S. , has also helped in the research for this is the constitution which has formally accepted the Panchayat notion though in a completely different notion in which I purpose to use it. 7. Some websites have really been helpful, most prominently the Wikipedia and also ones linking the Wikipedia with original materials used in the article. Bibliography 1. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, London: Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982 2. Bishal Khanal, Rege neration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000 3.Revatiraman Khanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu: Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. 4. Rene David, Major Legal System in the World Today, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985 5. Blackstone Commentries Vol. III ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 33. [ 3 ]. Lysander Spooner in his essay on â€Å"The Trial by Jury† [ 4 ]. Samons, Loren J. (2007). The Cambridge companion to the Age of Pericles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 244, 246. ISBN  978-0-521-80793-7. ttp://books. google. com/books? id=QAePyZ_Z1WkC&pg=PA244&lpg=PA244&dq=dikastai+501+citizens#v=onepage&q=dikastai%20501%20citizens&f=false. [ 5 ]. Acilian Law on the Right to Recovery of Property Officially Extorted, 122 B. C. http://avalon. law. y ale. edu/ancient/acilian_law. asp [ 6 ]. Rene David, Major Legal Systems in the World Today, 1985, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, p. 311. [ 7 ]. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 35. [ 8 ]. Magna Carta of 1215 – http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/source/magnacarta. html [ 9 ].Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 37. [ 10 ]. Ibid, p. 37. [ 11 ]. Ibid, p. 62. [ 12 ]. Commentries III, p. 379. [ 13 ]. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, pp. 36-52. [ 14 ]. Ibid, p. 33. [ 15 ]. America has embodied the jury system in its constitution. Their Constitution in 1971 Article VI and VII enshrined the provision as being handed down to them by the UK. [ 16 ]. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 38. [ 17 ]. Ibid, p. 38. [ 18 ].Ibid, p. 40. [ 19 ]. For example: We can see t he Parliamentary System adopted in Nepal. The exact copy that of the UK. But what we don’t wish to understand is that the concept of the system was rooted in 1215 with the signing of Magna Carta where we find it was accepted that ‘All men are born free and equal’ and ‘No taxation without representation’. But in Britain the concept gradually developed and from the Glorious Revolution the form came into as a living organism giving the Parliament the sole power. It took a span of more than 400 years. Similarly, also is the case with Political Parties.The wigs and Tories when they were formed, the King himself used to address the General Meeting and Mass Meeting during the election and ask for the people to vote for Tories who were the supporter of the King. Again one noted example will have to be Cormwell’s dissolution of the Upper House to kill King Charles I. Theoretically, the Upper House is a permanent body. They all show any concept is not a n end but a means towards achieving an end. [ 20 ]. It is known that Nepal at some point of time was ruled by the Gopal Dynasty who came here along with Lord Krishna. [ 21 ]. Revati Raman

English dream to reality

‘I'd like to welcome y'all to the rap states battle where the best freestyles from everywhere around the world have come to compete against the best' the adrenaline rush paced his veins as the enormous, high pitched voice from the Rap Battle host announced the welcome. The crowd cheered as a shiver ran up his spine, this was the chance for Shorty to gain his respect as a known MC. Round one and up went the first contestant, up against one of the best, Nas, the challenger was practically chewed up and spat out. Now Shorty was getting weary, he began to see what would happen to him if he failed. ‘Give it up for my main man Shorty! ‘It was now Shorty's turn, as he walked up to the stage the microphone was put to his mouth and the crowd in their thousands were shouting ‘choke, choke, choke' at that same moment Shorty threw back the microphone in disgust, he had ruined it all, there was no chance of him becoming a known MC around the world. It was now the champs turn, after a few long agonising minutes, the crowd roared out with cheers Shorty had been put down like a dog. It was now or never Shorty's whole rap career depended on this, he decided to have another go, again the crowd shouted ‘choke, choke, choke' As Shorty starred at the hating crowd the stage went quite, suddenly the silence was broken ‘Blood I aint hating on you, so why you hating on me? ‘ Shorty had words spilling out of his mouth like water running out of a tap, hope now turned into anger and anger into words, the words being expressed were very strong and passionate. After a long 30 seconds of pure MC'in the battle was over, now all Shorty could hope for was fate being on his side. Put your hands together for my man Nas! ‘ loud cheering from the crowds of thousands and thousands of people were ringing inside of the ears of Shorty. ‘Now put your hands together for Shorty! ‘ silence. ‘I know many of you have come here tonight to see young MC's being ripped apart but I am glad to say we have a new Champ, it's the one and only tongue twisting Li-‘ The piercing sound of the fire bell was ringing inside the head of Shorty, his head was a big church bell banging side to side. Ahh,' he gave a little scream and then began to scream ‘I won' repeatedly as he came back to the light of reality from his dream. The class suddenly turned to face him, a long silence hovered over the cold, dull classroom this was soon broken by the bellowing voice of Mr Crankbrook, ‘Pardon? What did you say? ‘ Here sat the greatest MCing lyricist. Shortys head went from pale and dead to a bright hot red as he had the loud voice of Mr Crankbrook's shouting spinning around his head doing circles. Shorty replied in complete confusion with a simple grunt and shrugged his broad shoulders. As the lesson progressed, Shorty's ball of anger against Mr Crankbrook for his embarrassing outbreak raged deep within him. For the remaining part of the lesson Shorty stared aimlessly at the ceiling. ‘Are you ready to die? ‘, ‘No, p-please gimme one mo chance' cried the tall shady man who was practically on his knobbly knees begging. ‘I gave you many chances Crankbrook, you chose to blow them back in my face! ‘ ‘Shorty†¦ Nooo! standing coolly and calm, Shorty, in his ice white suit lit a cigar, seconds later he laid a long grubby finger on the trigger of his P90 Rugar, Cranbrook looked at the gun in disgust, a shot was fired, in a slow motion the 9mm bullet came out of the gun like a spitting snake and the surrounding went dead a split second after the gun shot a finger of lightening lashed out aimlessly in the dark night sky. Crankbrook who was now dying from lack of blood breathed his last breath a further eight ear splitting gun shots were fired simultaneously which drained away the screaming of Cranbrook. In a deep cold voice Shorty muttered his final words ‘Whats mines is mines, what's yours is mines, sometimes people tend to forget that' the final gunshot was fired. The atmosphere of the scene died down and Shorty dropped down on his knees as his conscience came crawling back to him, Shorty, now the most respected thugs of LA, sat on the damp grass in disbelief to what he had just done. ‘Haha†¦ Shorty you just wet yourself you just wet yourself! ‘ shouted a boy passing, ‘what? Shorty replied ‘Get outta my way home boy, I want my food' exclaimed the plump, Dennis the menace look alike boy, pushing Shorty out of the lunch line. Shorty grasped his money in his hand with a firm grip and clenched his fist. The boy, a waddling pig, then squealed out, ‘gimme your lunch money' and shorty gave up his money within seconds not considering the fact that he could say no. for the rest of the day Shorty thought about what had happened and how stupid he had acted to give up his lunch money, ‘Get out my way shouted a passenger walking by' and moments later Shorty found himself in a big puddle of murky mud. Shorty looked at the computer shop and saw the new computer hacking game for his games console he wanted for a mighty long time. ‘Shorty we got someone tryin' to hack into our server, they go by the name-‘ ‘I aint got time for this' butted Shorty ‘but sir' ‘but nothing end of discussion' Shorty took control straight away. ‘Lets get down to business men' Shorty picked up a remote control and moved swiftly across the gigantic table, he clicked a button and the coughing of the room of hackers got drained away by the sound produced by the presentation. Shorty began to explain their assignment, ‘right my fellow hackers we are going to have to act quick on this, the government of the white house are planning to get rid of peer to peeer networking and it is up to us to prevent this' a big dark haired man wearing a jet black cape like coat spurted out, ‘Sir don't you think this is a bit, well way out of our league' a streak of sweat dropped slowly down Shorty's face as he snapped ‘Hush, impossible is nothing' as the long hours passed the hackers became weary and tired. I've found something, I've Found something,' shouted Neo. The specifications of the governments' computers showed that they had a total of 100 firewalls, this meant the the hacking team had to act quicker. ‘Use Denial of System to hack into the main framework of the computers, I'll write a backdoor Trojan for remote access to the generic host' explained Shorty as he wiped his sweaty forehead with a hankerchief, who was working the hardest he had ever worked before. After a stressful three quarters of an hour of death defying hacking, the team finally got through the hundreds of security software that was holding the precious government documents. This was time for Shorty to shine, he began writing his backdoor Trojan after a realm of debugging and source code writing the Trojan was complete and it was time. The Trojan began to do its works. Success the intense moment broke into cheers of laughter, ‘98% of downloading content complete†¦. as the percent downloaded gradually increased the crew became more uptight, finally 100% complete. Shorty, Neo and Morpheus the first to ever hack into the White House stood staring amongst each other. ‘Kid, you aiite? ‘ asked a concerned stranger, Shorty starred ahead of him into the busy street and saw the reflection of the moon on the wet, damp road, ‘I'm fine' he replied, and then continued to gaze into the night sky.

The Quest Essays - Social Psychology, Identity, Free Essays

The Quest Essays - Social Psychology, Identity, Free Essays The Quest The Quest Introduction Adolescence is a period of life in which critical psychological and physiological changes occur. It is also the time when identity, a unified sense of self characterized by attitudes, beliefs, and ways of acting that are genuinely ones own (Insel, 1994), forms. The theory of Eric Erikson describes the psychological development of identity as a developmental stage in which individuals are faced with finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.(Santrock, 1997) During this stage, adolescents are trying to find an answer to the question Who am I? and making important life choices, such as career, intimate commitments, or morality. The identity formation period is very critical and it will affect the individual throughout the adulthood. If adolescent arrives at a positive path to follow in life, then a positive identity will be achieved; but if a positive future path is not defined, then identity confusion reigns. (Santrock, 1997) Methods I interviewed a 13 year old girl from a well educated family. The interview was done in the privacy of her house in her own room and took about 40 minutes. During the interview, the teen was asked to answer a list of questions and encouraged to use as much details as possible. Each answer was carefully recorded and evaluated. The questions I asked her targeted fundamental self aspects that build the feeling of identity. The interview examined the following aspects: role experimentation, self certainty, peer relationships, family relationships, sexual orientation, career, and leadership. Results The girl I interviewed had a strong sense of uniqueness-she wants to be different and expresses herself colorfully. I found that appearance is very important, such as adoption of different fashions and in hair styles. Girls are very conscious of how they look. While admitting that appearance is crucial, the teen made a point that maintaining a sense of confidence and self-esteem is important for your future. Also, I was informed that it is substantial to try everything and put your butt here and there. It appears that teenagers think they should experiment with smoking, drinking, sexual activity, and other adults stuff. In addition, the significance of the successful role model, a father in this case, was emphasized. Furthermore, the teen stressed that she considers herself a very sociable individual who likes to mix with different groups. She also feels that she is the woman of the 90s and plans to depend on herself. She also claimed to possess some leadership qualities in her natur e, which will become more and more evident as she will mature. I also found that it is crucial to have a sense of direction in ones own life. Together with that, she indicated that she feels that the involvement in the intimate relationship, having a boyfriend, means a big deal to her. She added that it is important to have someone to talk to and do stuff with. Discussion Adolescents are obsessed with their looks and they are expected to do that because it is through these symbols, wearing the right clothes and having cool sunglasses, that their identities are formed. Adolescents are expected to view self-esteem as crucial; after all, it plays a big role in their quest for identity. As teenagers begin their quests for identity, they experiment with different roles, various social postures, and self-images (this is what Erikson would call a search for identity). Teens often feel that appearing mature will bring recognition and acceptance, so they begin to engage in behavior associated with adults, such as smoking, drinking, and sexual activity. Experimenting with different roles is expected in Erikson stage and having a role model is not uncommon. During the early adolescence, a role model is usually one of the parents. ( Insel, 1994) Teens often are very social at this stage and that is expected because socialization contributes a lot to a teens searc h for identity. Some teens have already developed a strong sense of self-worth and it is not uncommon, although it is not necessarily expected for them to develop a sense of self worth at such a young age. Today, the percentage of teens who engage in sexual activities is increasing every year together with the

20 Words That Contain mn

20 Words That Contain mn 20 Words That Contain â€Å"mn† 20 Words That Contain â€Å"mn† By Mark Nichol While looking stuff up, I became curious about how many words include the unusual pairing of m and n, and I discovered more than I had expected. Many more than twenty exist, but I’ve listed only that number (along with their definitions), choosing to exclude several categories of words. (See below for details.) Words ultimately derive from Latin by way of an earlier form of English or French unless otherwise indicated. 1. alumnus: a former student of a particular school (from a Latin root word meaning â€Å"to nourish†) 2. amnesia: loss of memory, a gap in memory, or, informally, selective memory (from a Greek word meaning â€Å"forgetfulness†) 3. amnesty: pardon or freedom for a group of people (related to amnesia) 4. amnion: a membrane around an embryo or fetus (best known in the adjectival form amniotic) (from the Greek word for â€Å"lamb†) 5. autumn: the season also known as fall, or a late stage of life or existence 6. calumny: slander 7. chimney: the part of a building that includes one or more flues for discharging smoke, or a similar-looking rock formation 8. column: a long vertical building support, a similar-looking structure, a vertical arrangement of text, a statistical category, or a long row of marching people 9. condemn: convict, doom, or sentence, or declare something wrong (the root word is related to damn) 10. contemn: treat with contempt 11. damn: condemn, or send to hell, or used as an oath or an intensifier 12. gymnast: an athlete who competes in exercise routines on a floor mat or on specialized equipment (from Greek) 13. hymn: a religious song (ultimately from Greek) 14. insomnia: inability to sleep 15. limn: describe, delineate, draw, or paint 16. mnemonic: relating to memory, or intended to assist in memory (from Greek) 17. omnibus: a large passenger vehicle (the full word from which bus is derived), or an anthology 18. remnant: a part left over from a whole 19. solemn: sad and or serious, or sincere 20. somnolent: sleepy, or causing one to feel sleepy (related to insomnia) I’ve excluded the following categories of words: variations and inflectional endings, the dozen other words beginning with the prefix omni-, the nine words that end with m followed by the suffix -ness (such as calmness), obsolete words, proper names like the Native American place name Tuolumne, and obscure, little-used terms like simnel (referring to a crisp bread or a fruitcake) that no one but a serious Scrabble competitor would know. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesStory Writing 101Neither... or?

Capability Development

With the growth of competition, organizations are always trying to find innovation strategies so that they can sustain the brand value and reputation in the industry (Rockart and Dutt 2015). Often most of the organizations fail to evaluate the core organizational capabilities and therefore they fail to ensure balance between stakeholders’ expectation. One such reason is effective data analytics and market research. This has resulted in raising the requirement bar of capability development from executive consultant. This report will develop the executive consultant requirement for capability development and will also highlight the interrelationship between the two factors for organizational value creation. The aim of this report is to identify the effect on capability development through discipline of consultancy. Following are the report objectives Capability development places extreme importance on employees and their capacities. It focuses on the capabilities of the employees to perform at high level adjust with the rapidly changing work context and environment. Developing knowledge co-creation and skills of the employees is one of the important aspects of the capability development. According to Brandon-Jones, Knoppen and Van Raaij (2014), creation of capability is all about shifting from segmented actions to holistic action, which is more purposeful and meaningful. Being capable of applying differentiated skills, the employees can bring innovation in organization. On the other hand, Rahmandad (2012) opined that capability development focuses on development of team and individuals through strategic activities. The intension behind capability development is to meet business challenge, business goals and creating capacities for adjusting with organizational change. Competency defines acquisition of skills, attributes and knowl edge, whereas capability defines the ability of the employees to apply those skills, attributes and knowledge in the organizational context. Moreover, professional development aspect of capability development centers at formal learning activities towards enhancing employees skills.   One of the most important models of capability development is Holistic Model.   According to Lupton and Beamish (2016), holistic model supports the work team towards responding quickly, innovatively and effectively to the changing business environment and consumer needs. The life based learning philosophy defines the skills, attributes and knowledge of the employees cannot only be acquired in the workplace. These factors are also highly dependent on external work environment in which they reside. Outside environment of employees may define the potential activities, which they may do at their work. On the other hand, McGrath and O'Toole (2014) opined that shared commitment and understanding in the work culture outlines organizational values towards framing capability level of the employees. While the organization will have supportive mentor for employees, they will be able to demonstrate their innovative approach and confidence in their work areas. Jiang, Malik and Guo (2015) opined that organization must have effective guiding principles for framing the capability development strategy. Therefore, an effective leader is highly required for identifying business issues and requirements. Based on those business requirements, the leaders would guide the employees for enhancing their capabilities. Moreover, organizational should adopt range of learning strategies in terms of on the job and off the job training towards skill development of the employees. Figure 1: Holistic Model of Capability Development It is quite common assumption that consultant service is only needed for larger organizations. However, Business consultancy firm can improve the business performance of organizations of all sizes. The experts of business consultancy provides high quality and well informed advice on the business topics like commerce and empowering employees towards achieving maximum potential. According to (Onal Vural, Dahlander and George 2013), some catalyst like emerging IT innovation, declining market share, tightening environmental policies dramatically change the commercial landscape. In such situation, business consultancy provides effective advice on the matters of organizational Governance. They mostly provide suggestions regarding acquiring new tools and overseeing work force development. On the other hand, Schweitzer (2014) opined that opined that true success of organization could not come only through instinct, gut reaction and luck. Organization success is highly reliant on realistic ap proach in the context of external business environment. In such situation, business consultancy offers realistic analysis, careful calculations and practical strategic development in the context of external business environment. Therefore, organizations can take most realistic approach towards confronting business challenge and gain long-term success in every business aspect. According to Hansen and Alewell (2013), the diagnostics of business consultancy act as professional leaders for overall organizational success. They analyze the specific organizational issues and business gaps whether it is related to development of human capital or proper allocation of financial resources. The HR diagnostics of the consulting firm identify the lack of skill level in the work group. After identifying gaps, the HR diagnostics provide effective training to the employees for enhancing their skills levels. Therefore, the employees become quite able to adjust with dynamic business environment and follow innovative ideas towards contributing in organizational success. On the other hand, Robert Mitchell and Shepherd (2012) opined that the role model of business consultancy offers deep insight on the business culture by identifying the behavior and emotional intelligence of the employees. They business consultants can create system of reward behavior towards aligning with ch anging organizational culture. The consults also offer effective succession planning for the employees towards initiating an inspiring work culture for the employees. It helps in enhancing productivity level of the employees towards effective organizational success. According to McGrath and O’Toole (2016), the coaches of business consulting firms offer diverse group of experiences towards organizational growth. They align the learning needs of the employees with the requirement of business. The firms identify the gaps in the learning process of the employees and develop a concrete procedure for future progress. While considering the view of Apsc.gov.au. (2016), it can be found that capability building is the centralized part of organizational performance, which requires systematic learning and development approach guided by consulting firms for value enhancement. On the other hand, Australian Institute of Management (2016) proved that leadership and management framework are building blocks that make an organization capable enough to contribute in forming its benchmarking for effective performance. Furthermore, Joshi (2016) highlighted that capability development through business consultancy helps in encompassing various job roles and outc ome through critical thinking and thereby ensuring organizational sustainability. From the above discussion, it can be said that discipline of consultancy helps in developing organizational knowledge and a positive sense of stakeholder management. It is quite clear that with the growth of competition, an organization may not have the capability to ensure effective market data analysis but with the assistance from business consultants they can ensure innovation and mitigate challenge. Forstner, Kamprath and Rà ¶glinger (2014) pointed out that business consultancy acts as the trusted advisor for an organization so that professionalism can be enhanced to ensure positive outcome in future. Finally, it must be said that organization development can be only achieved by effective leadership who will guide the flow of operation in reaching future goals. In such case, executive consultancy proves to be the mentor in forming desired leadership approach and how the managers must act while controlling massive human resource. Therefore, from the discussion it is clear that as sistance about both innovation and internal operation, discipline of consultancy acts as the supporting arm for leading a business towards success. Figure 2: Relevance of Capability Development with Discipline of Business Consultancy While considering the view of Robert Mitchell and Shepherd (2012), it can be said that value of an organization is only achieved when the purpose to fulfill stakeholder’s expectation is achieved. Consulting agencies while acting as the mentor or trusted advisor has only one motive, this is to ensure capability development for its client. Value of an organization is dependent on its performance but often the core competencies remain unknown, which is highlighted by business consultancies. With the expense of time and due to organization expansion, most of the organizations fail to keep a balance between its core values and stakeholder management. Such scenarios are quite common in most of the small scale enterprises of Australia. In order to gain revenue, organizations fail to ensure effective balance between employee expectation and client satisfaction resulting to deteriorate value. Such imbalances result in losing organizational reputation. Executive consultancy helps in enhancing the organizational value by setting up strategies through balance scorecard, through which core stakeholder’s expectation and satisfaction is met. For manufacturing organizations, executive consultancy helps in analyzing the gap between organization’s production and market demand and based on that future scope of productivity development is proposed. By following such advices, organizations are able to increase the productivity and thereby ensure balance between its stakeholders, which helps in restoring organizational value. Some of the most important advices that executive consultancies provide for developing capability are provided below: The number of consultancy firms in Australia is increasing but the most common points are listed above. From the above points, it can be found that consultancy agencies always try to create customized reports for their client organizations so that the competitiveness does not get hampered.   Some of the service oriented organizations in Australia are value oriented rather than hardcore profit earning but for them the consultancy firms try to ensure best quality without the expense of capital endorsement. With whatever be the procedure, consultancy firms try to ensure best quality service and client satisfaction through which organizational value is restored, which further helps in ensuring professionalism. The whole paper has highlighted capability development by discipline of consultancy but some of the negative aspects of such service are pertaining to the degree of customization. The FMCG and IT industry of Australia is rapidly growing at present but against such sectors the target market is extremely common. This has somehow resulted in poor customized business progress report as product diversification and changing government regulation has made limited scope of customization. Most of the consultants are almost providing the same solutions to their clients and therefore competitive advantage is becoming negligible. While concluding it can be said that organizations in Australia are extremely competitive but they often fail to gather market information through data analytics and thereby cannot ensure best strategy for sustainable business. In such a scenario, executive consultants help the organizations in setting up the most customized strategic business approach for future. It has been also found that most of the organizations in Australia are successful enough but they need to be ahead of rising competition and for that they need to innovate. Executive consultants help such organizations to gather relevant market statistics and evaluate those against client firm’s capability. Thus, it can be said that firm’s capability development can be best decided by professional executive consultants so that value is restored. Apsc.gov.au. 2016.  Building capability: A framework for managing learning and development in the APS - APSC. [online] Available at: https://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/building-capability [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Australian Institute of Management. 2016.  Organisational Capability Benchmarking. [online] Available at: https://www.aim.com.au/organisational-capability-benchmarking [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Brandon-Jones, A., Knoppen, D. and Van Raaij, E., 2014, January. Strategic purchasing in dynamic capability development and deployment: A contingency perspective. In  Academy of Management Proceedings  (Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 15165). Academy of Management. Forstner, E., Kamprath, N. and Rà ¶glinger, M., 2014. Capability development with process maturity models–Decision framework and economic analysis.  Journal of Decision Systems,  23(2), pp.127-150. Hansen, N.K. and Alewell, D., 2013. Employment systems as governance mechanisms of human capital and capability development.  The International Journal of Human Resource Management,  24(11), pp.2131-2153. Hu, T.S., Lin, C.Y. and Chang, S.L., 2013. Knowledge intensive business services and client innovation.  The Service Industries Journal,  33(15-16), pp.1435-1455. Jiang, C.X., Malik, O.R. and Guo, C., 2015, January. What affects lean capability development of emerging market firms? An empirical investigation. In  Academy of Management Proceedings  (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 17330). Academy of Management. Joshi, J. 2016.  Managing Capability - New Avatar of L&D/HR ? Are we doing it right? - LearningCafe. [online] LearningCafe. Available at: https://learningcafe.com.au/managing-capability-are-we-doing-it-right/ [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Lupton, N.C. and Beamish, P.W., 2016. The mutual construction of knowledge transfer and shared context in capability development within the networked MNC.  Knowledge Management Research & Practice,  14(1), pp.150-157. McGrath, H. and O’Toole, T., 2016. Using action research and action learning for entrepreneurial network capability development.  Action Learning: Research and Practice,  13(2), pp.118-138. McGrath, H. and O'Toole, T., 2014. A cross-cultural comparison of the network capability development of entrepreneurial firms.  Industrial Marketing Management,  43(6), pp.897-910. Onal Vural, M., Dahlander, L. and George, G., 2013. Collaborative benefits and coordination costs: Learning and capability development in science.  Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,  7(2), pp.122-137. Rahmandad, H., 2012. Impact of growth opportunities and competition on firm-level capability development trade-offs.  Organization science,  23(1), pp.138-154. Robert Mitchell, J. and Shepherd, D.A., 2012. Capability development and decision incongruence in strategic opportunity pursuit.  Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,  6(4), pp.355-381. Rockart, S.F. and Dutt, N., 2015. The rate and potential of capability development trajectories.  Strategic Management Journal,  36(1), pp.53-75. Schweitzer, J., 2014. Leadership and innovation capability development in strategic alliances.  Leadership & Organization Development Journal,  35(5), pp.442-469.

Evaluate economic, legal and ethical impacts on the quality of Research Paper

Evaluate economic, legal and ethical impacts on the quality of healthcare provided to patients - Research Paper Example It also depends on the level of literacy of the patients that determines their knowledge of their fundamental legal rights. Quality service can be defined as the health service that provides favourable treatments to patients and enables them to recover from their poor health challenges. In essence, the aim of patients who approach medical centers for treatment is to recover from ill health conditions and to receive mature treatment full of respect. This assessment is investigating a major hypothesis and claim by patients from various health centers that: The mistreatments and the violation of the fundamental freedoms of patients to access medical services is influenced by the prevailing Economic, ethical and legal factors. Medical services as the patients claim expose them to mistreatments and violation of their freedom of access to treatments. Whether the problem statement is true or false will be determined by the critical analysis of case scenarios in practical environments. 3. Li terature Review Economic factors In the United States of America, health care is almost exclusively restricted to the working class. This is because majority of the health care system and centers charge high fees and implement their services through medical insurance policies. The low level economy class definitely can not afford to access medical insurance. The indicator to the massive exorbitant medical costs reflects in the contribution of the medical sector to the GDP of the U.S. economy. Practically, the medical sector contributes 18 percent of the US GDP; approximately $2.5 trillion annually. This is obviously higher that the contribution of other sectors to the economy. Even though the quality of... This paper presents a modern comprehensive analysis of the existing problems in the public health system of the US, that directly affects the healthcare service quality with the ultimate aim of addressing these ethical, economic and legal issues and improving the conditions under which patients receive treatments. The study is based on various outcries about breaches of legal and ethical terms of services The definition of quality health services is based on the satisfaction that the patients receive from the health units and whether they recover from their conditions or not. It also depends on the level of literacy of the patients that determines their knowledge of their legal rights. In the United States of America, health care is almost exclusively restricted to the working class. This is because majority of the health care system and centers charge high fees and implement their services through medical insurance policies. The low level economy class definitely can not afford to access medical insurance. Majority of the of the challenges that face healthcare service centers will in the future depend on the ultimate challenge of integrating between the efficiency of services and the care system to the quality and safety. There should be a strategy to access affordable healthcare among all the citizens of a country. It remains to be a real issue to worry about, whether it is possible for all citizens to access the services or not. The unavailability of these services is the main ethical issue of concern.

Fences (play) by August Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fences (play) by August Wilson - Essay Example he name of the play comes from the request made by Rose that Tory and Cory build a fence around their backyard which seems to represent her wish to keep the family together. It also shows her desire to keep those whom she loves close to her within the same house even if they are not really willing or able to stay with her. Despite these wishes of a perfect family oriented life, Rose is not someone who lives in the dream world since she is quite a realist in her expectations. The backdrop of the drama is taking place against race issues and the development of the idea of being African American while living with all the prejudice and hatred one has to suffer as an African American. In this sense, Rose does not have a longing for better days to come or a nostalgic approach which is displayed by other characters. She accepts what she has been given in life and the role she has to play in the world is very clear to her since she is a mother and wife to the best of her abilities. She is certainly trying to improve her condition through practical and available means such as asking her son and husband to build a fence for her but she does not seek out things which might be too much to ask for from the world. In fact, the only thing she does seek quite strongly is a bright future for her own son. She supports his decision to play football and supports him fully in his struggle to be a player that can overcome the barriers placed before him due to his race. As further proof of her compassion, she accepts the illegitimate child of her husband with open arms even though she does not forgive her husband for cheating on her. This reflects the nurturing and sensitive side of her nature and it does certainly add to her character as a mother figure. As a mother figure, Rose certainly goes through her trials and tribulations the least of which is coming to terms with seeing the proof of her husband’s faithlessness in front of her. However, it is her mother instinct which takes

Business report on Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business report on Tesco - Essay Example Tesco Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tesco that was established in 2008. The chief executive officer (CEO) of Tesco is Dave Lewis. Including franchises the firm has 6,814 stores across the globe. The firm also has six online stores. Tesco is a publicly traded company whose stocks are openly sold in the London Stock Exchange (LSE) under the symbol TSCO. As of November 28, 2015 the price of TSCO stocks was $169.15 (Yahoo, 2015). The market capitalization of the company is $13.67 billion. The accounting of the company is based on a fiscal year instead of the natural year. The 2015 fiscal year started on March 1, 2014 and it ended on February 28, 2015. The independent auditor of the company is PricewaterhouseCoopers.  Tesco Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tesco that was established in 2008. The chief executive officer (CEO) of Tesco is Dave Lewis. Including franchises the firm has 6,814 stores across the globe. The firm also has six online stores. Tesco is a publicly traded company whose stocks are openly sold in the London Stock Exchange (LSE) under the symbol TSCO. As of November 28, 2015 the price of TSCO stocks was $169.15 (Yahoo, 2015). The market capitalization of the company is $13.67 billion. The accounting of the company is based on a fiscal year instead of the natural year. The 2015 fiscal year started on March 1, 2014 and it ended on February 28, 2015. The independent auditor of the company is PricewaterhouseCoopers.   In fiscal year 2015 Tesco generated sales of  £62,284 million. The sales of the company decrease by 2% in comparison with the previous year. The net income of the firm in 2015 was a loss of  £5,766 million. In 2014 the firm was able to achieve a profit of  £970 million. The total assets of the firm as of February 28, 2015 were  £44,214 million, while the total equity of the firm at the same date was  £7,071 million. The cash reserve of Tesco at the end of fiscal year 2015 was  £11,819 million. The bad financial p erformance of the firm in 2015 caused the cash reserve of the company to go down by 9.68%. In terms of total liabilities the company owes  £37,143 million. The net margin shows the absolute profitability of a company, while the gross margin is a measure of broad profitability.  

Research Proposal on Steve Jobs and the foundation of Apple Computers Paper

Proposal on Steve Jobs and the foundation of Apple Computers - Research Paper Example These products would contribute to annually increasing revenue and profit margins, today making Apple, Inc. the world’s most successful technology company (Lashinksy). The organization’s tremendous success has brought Job’s leadership style to the forefront of consideration and analysis. Indeed, the subject is highly important as it relates to the very nature of business and leadership success. Job’s was recognized for a unique and demanding leadership approach. Many individuals even went as far as to claim Job’s was rude and arrogant. Undoubtedly it appears that Job’s was a perfectionist. The research functions to examine Steve Job’s personality in the context of his success as a the chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple, Inc. as well as his undeniable success as a leader. The underlining hypothesis is that through his persuasion, slight arrogance and perfectionism, Steve Jobs was able to create success for Apple, Inc. and attain his reputation of a strong leader. The research is significant both for advancing knowledge of successful leadership styles, as well as for further understanding the means an individual can mold and have a profound impact on a multinational organization. Ultimately, it is believed that this research will contribute to a furthered understanding of the very nature of success. ... is biography explores Job’s arrogance in terms of the ravage it wreaked on his personal life, but also how it was indicative of an approach to life that defined and shaped its own reality (Isaacson). Other researchers note that such arrogance may have contributed to Job’s ability to inspire others by getting them to view Apple as not just a company, but also a personal mission (Lundquist). Similarly, Jobs is considered a visionary. In an interview with Charlie Rose before returning to Apple, Jobs is said to have turned to the host and say that he knew how to save the organization, but they weren’t listening to him yet (Lasseter). In addition to being understood as a visionary, other researchers have focused on how Job’s leadership style as a perfectionist contributed to his specific organizational skills. One perspective examined Job’s nature as a taskmaster (Stengel). For instance, it’s noted that people who worked with Jobs said that he wou ld attempt to instruct his employees about every aspect of their job (Stengel). Other researchers have examined Job’s leadership approach against that of Microsoft founder Bill Gates. While Gates has been described as methodical and lawyer like, Job’s was recognized as â€Å"the quick, live-for-the-moment hare† (Wilson & Skovgard, p. 51). Even as Steve Jobs is recognized as a prominent motivator and visionary, other researchers have considered that Job’s arrogance and perfectionism also contributed to Apple’s success through his negotiation with outside vendors. For instance, during the late design period of the iPhone, Jobs was recognized for his clever and ruthless negotiations with telecommunications carriers ("The legacy of Steve Jobs," p. 3). Another research perspective considered Steve Job’s personality

CONFLICT IN SOMALIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CONFLICT IN SOMALIA - Essay Example ant disagreement based on political and religious agendas, Somali has been unable to shake itself out of the crisis, which was exacerbated by the declaration of Somalia as a failed State in 1991 by its failing and shaking Transitional government headed by moderate Islamist Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmad (Chopra, 1998). Somali conflict has also been affected by the actions of regional and international powers that have worsen it instead of resolving the issue on most occasions. But how long will this conflict continue? Who are the core conflict parties? Bariagaber (2006, pp. 66) pointed out that Somalia had been divided along ethnic lines, which had segmented the country into several clans or tribal divisions. Couldn’t the issue of embracing different ideologies by different clans be enough to keep Somali people apart and make peaceful co-existence impossible? Each of the clans has its form of Islamic religion being practiced by its people: from the moderate Islam to the fanatical and more dangerous ones; even some of the Muslim groups in Somalia have been put on United States’ terrorist list because of their connection with Osama Bin Laden’s Al Qeada Organization. Considering the enormity of the conflict in Somalia, it is apt to investigate what are the internal-subgroups and what constituencies do they depend on. Apart from internal segregation due to tribal affiliations, it has been discovered that some internal-subgroups do exist; which are directly linked with religious ideologies. The main radical sub-group is called Al-Shabab, an extremist group that was carved out by the remaining supporters of Union of Islamic Courts. The constituencies that Al-Shabab controls include the South and Central Somalia, which it rules with iron-hand imposing Sharia on the Somali people in these places. There is another notorious sub-group named Hisbul-Islam that was created shortly after the moderate Islamist government was formed: an action some former members of Union of

Sustainable Corporate Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainable Corporate Development - Assignment Example It is the basic goal of every business to grow in the respective industry. This many also involve launching new products and services for the consumers. The company must not only focus on growth but profitable growth. Without profits the growth of the business becomes unsustainable. The profitability of most of the organizations is based on two important factors i.e. cutting cost and growth (Anon., 2013). Quality of working life is based on the job related experience of the employees. The needs that should be addressed by the employees to achieve high quality of work life include skill variety, task identity, autonomy, task significance and feedback. Other aspects that should also be addressed include individual power, fairness and equity, participation of employees in the management of the firm, self –development and extra work activities. Business ethics are the moral principles which underpin the behavior of the firms. Moral principles are concerned with what is right and wrong for the business. The ethical business is considered to be the one which is based on the set of moral principles. Being ethical means that a business complies with the laws and regulations and make choices about what it is allowed to do and what it is not allowed to do. An organization sets ethical objectives of the firm by applying ethical values to the actions and targets of the firm (Anon., 2014). The concept of business continuity is based on the fact that a company continues to operate in the business even in the adverse environmental conditions such as in case of natural disaster, fire, etc. The continuity plan of the business may include moving the operations of the business to another location if any kind of disaster occurs on the worksite. Learning organization is considered to be an organization that facilitates learning and transforms itself according to the changing trends of the environment. Learning organizations emerge as a result of the pressure faced by modern

CONFLICT IN SOMALIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CONFLICT IN SOMALIA - Essay Example ant disagreement based on political and religious agendas, Somali has been unable to shake itself out of the crisis, which was exacerbated by the declaration of Somalia as a failed State in 1991 by its failing and shaking Transitional government headed by moderate Islamist Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmad (Chopra, 1998). Somali conflict has also been affected by the actions of regional and international powers that have worsen it instead of resolving the issue on most occasions. But how long will this conflict continue? Who are the core conflict parties? Bariagaber (2006, pp. 66) pointed out that Somalia had been divided along ethnic lines, which had segmented the country into several clans or tribal divisions. Couldn’t the issue of embracing different ideologies by different clans be enough to keep Somali people apart and make peaceful co-existence impossible? Each of the clans has its form of Islamic religion being practiced by its people: from the moderate Islam to the fanatical and more dangerous ones; even some of the Muslim groups in Somalia have been put on United States’ terrorist list because of their connection with Osama Bin Laden’s Al Qeada Organization. Considering the enormity of the conflict in Somalia, it is apt to investigate what are the internal-subgroups and what constituencies do they depend on. Apart from internal segregation due to tribal affiliations, it has been discovered that some internal-subgroups do exist; which are directly linked with religious ideologies. The main radical sub-group is called Al-Shabab, an extremist group that was carved out by the remaining supporters of Union of Islamic Courts. The constituencies that Al-Shabab controls include the South and Central Somalia, which it rules with iron-hand imposing Sharia on the Somali people in these places. There is another notorious sub-group named Hisbul-Islam that was created shortly after the moderate Islamist government was formed: an action some former members of Union of

The Spanish-American War Essay Example for Free

The Spanish-American War Essay Tp what extent was the Spanish-American War a turning point in the development of American foreign policy? The Spanish-American War of 1898 could be seen as the pivotal point in foreign policy as it marks America’s first engagement with a foreign enemy in the dawning age of modern warfare however, one could also argue that the idea had always existed in American politics. Until the end of the nineteenth century, American foreign policy essentially followed the guidelines laid down by George Washington, in his Farewell Address to the American people: â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is—in extending our commercial relations—to have with them as little political connection as possible. † By avoiding entanglements with foreign powers, America aimed to minimize the possibility of being dragged into war hence, war was to be undertaken only in defense of the nation against attack. However, the Spanish-American war saw Americans fighting to gain colonies elsewhere, with no relation to self defence. Though going to war with the Spanish was defended as non-imperialistic, shown by the promises of independence for Cuba and the Philippines, the American victory resulted in territorial gains and a inflated sense of power. A much more active and aggressive foreign policy was evident after the Spanish-American War, it had transformed from being focused primarily on isolated nationalism to expansionistic imperialism. The Spanish-American war resulted in numerous territorial gains, the Paris Treaty handed over Caribbean areas such as Puerto Rico and Guam to America which led to a series of land acquisitions as it expanded in what seemed like direct colonization. The war had begun with paternal feelings of supporting a fellow nation trying to win its freedom, however, the pro-Cuban hysteria masked America’s real intention which was to take over the island. Although Cuba was recognized as independent, American troops remained on the island for another four years and an American â€Å"governor† was put in charge. This showed America extending it’s political influence like never before and this was further emphasized through the Platt Amendment 1901 which gave the US right to intervene to maintain the independence and stability of Cuba.  What impaired their independence was ultimately up to America and this gave the power to control Cuban affairs. Another victory through the Treaty of Paris was the possession of the Philippines. Though the Filipino independence leader Emilio Aguinaldo had aided in the defeat of Spain in 1898, USA refused independence to the Islands and a vicious three year war ensued. A civil government was created after the capture of Aguinaldo under William Taft and this showed a drastic change in American foreign policy. They could no longer justify interference with the excuse of the islands being within its sphere of influence but McKinley argued that America had the role to â€Å"uplift and civilize and christianize [Filipinos] as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died. McKinley was either unaware or simply chose not to inform the people that, except for some Muslim tribesmen in the south, the Filipinos were Roman Catholics, and, therefore, already Christians. In reality, the annexation of the Philippines was the centerpiece of the large policy pushed by the imperialist cabal to enlist the United States in the ranks of the great powers. The Spanish-American war gave the push that the American government needed to make a final decision over Hawaii. The Hawaiin Islands were known as the â€Å"crossroads of the Pacific†, tracing routes from USA to Japan, Australia and Philippines. The treaties of 1857 and 1887 allowed cheap duty-free sugar into the USA but in return, Hawaii was requited to accept both American economic domination and political protection. In 1890, when a rebellion began under Queen Liliuokalani, the marines were sent to force a surrender. This perhaps can be seen as an early display of America’s expansionist foreign policy, however, the annexation of Hawaii was opposed by many in government who feared that America would become an imperial power like the Europeans. It can be argued that the war with Spain in Cuba strengthened the arguments for annexation as America gained an inflated sense of confidence from victory and officially took up their role as a â€Å"global power†. Hawaii was annexed in July 1898, after the Spanish-American war had ended. The result of the Spanish-American War was that USA became a Carribean power  with it’s temporary acquisition of Cuba and this brought about long discussed plans for a canal through the Isthmus of Panama. The USA gained a 10 mile wide strip of the canal and was granted full control. With increasing territorial gains such as Cuba and Panama, USA’s interest in Latin American affairs was evident. Roosevelt felt that US had the right to intervene in order to maintain stability in the area and this was evident through the Roosevelt Corollary where he stated that the US had the right to intervene in the affairs of other countries on the continent in cases of â€Å"chronic wrongdoing or impotence†. Americans decided what was deemed a â€Å"wrongdoing† and it was used to justify their taking over finances of Dominican Reupublic in 1905 when it defaulted its debt and the intervention in Nicaragua in 1915. America was now moving even further away from an isonlationist power, delclaring to the world that the Western Hemisphere was its sphere of influence. However, its growth in influence differs to simple European empire building. It is undeniable that the US was interfering in internal affairs of sovereign nations for its own ends, however, Roosevelt felt it was a necessary evil as the European powers would seize the chance themselves to expand if some level of instability occurred in Latin America. Although US marines remained in territories such as Nicaragua and Dominican Republic for decades, the American government chose to withdraw them; unlike the European powers, they did not need to fight a bloody war to grant their territories independence. Roosevelt had perhaps preserved Latin American independence from Europe and ultimately, American involvement improved stability for the future. America began to meddle in world affairs or in the words of an imperialist, assume its global responsibilities in ways the founding fathers had previously avoided. Troops were dispatched to China to join those of the other powers in putting down the Boxer Rebellion of Chinese patriots; the Great White fleet was sailed around the world to declare America’s power and presence to the world; and the government became a promoter of overseas investment with external investment increasing seven-fold. More and more, the American wealth machine had changed it’s attitudes to the outside world. The Spanish-American War launched the United States on the path of a modern non-aristocratic empire founded on state power but oriented towards commercial and economical gain. By expanding the horizons of U.S. foreign policy in the pursuit of export markets through formal empire (Philippines) and informal empire (Latin America, Cuba, China), the Spanish-American War was a turning point. Sumner remarked in 1900 that â€Å"the political history of the United States for the next 50 years will date from the Spanish war of 1898’ and this can be seen through America’s successive entangling foreign commitments eventually leading to the involvement in the First World War.

Apple: Strategic Challenges And Changes

Apple: Strategic Challenges And Changes Q1) Evaluate Apples strategies and how they have managed their strategic challenges and strategic changes within this. In your evaluation you will need to consider the key factors of success in relation to the different strategic groups within the industry. Support your evaluation with relevant theory and academic models. Apple is a vertically integrated company, manufacturing and supplying all hardware and software as well as its own operating systems. Apple chose this strategy so they could retain profit and ensure profit is not lost by financing other companys profit margins. The practice behind this theory is to heavily finance research and development and have had the necessary means of production to cover all areas of the business. Marketing and advertising are also a key component in Apple strategy to have a better market position. Founded in 1976, Apple built its early reputation on innovative personal computers that were particularly easy for customers to use and as a result were priced higher than those of competitors. The inspiration for this strategy came from a visit by the founders of the company- Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniack- to the Palo Alto research laboratories of the Xerox company in 1979. They observed that Xerox had developed an early version of a computer interface screen with the drop-down menus that are widely used today on all personal computers. Jobs and Wozniack took the concept back to apple and developed their own computer- the Apple Macintosh (Mac) that used this consumer friendly interface. The Macintosh was launched in 1984 but Apple did not sell or share the software to rival companies. Over the next few years, this non-co-operation strategy turned out to be a major weakness for Apple. Although the Mac had initial success, its software was threatened by the introduction of windows 1.0 from the rival company Microsoft, whose chief executive was the well-known Bill Gates. Microsofts strategy was to make this software widely available to other computer manufacturers for a license fee- quite unlike Apple. A legal dispute arose between Apple and Microsoft because windows had many on-screen similarities to the Apple product. Eventually, Microsoft signed an agreement with Apple saying that it would not use Mac technology in windows 1.0 Unlike Microsoft with its focus on software strategy, Apple remained a full-line computer manufacturer from that time, supplying both the hardware and software. Apple continued to develop various innovative computers and related products. Early successes included the Mac2 and PowerBooks along with the worlds first desktop publishing programme- PageMaker. This latter remains today the leading programme of its kind. It is widely used around the world in publishing and fashion houses. It remains exclusive to Apple and means that the company has a specialist market where it has real competitive advantage and can charge higher prices. Not all Apples new products were successful- the Newton personal digital assistant did not sell well. Apples high price policy for its products and difficulties in manufacturing also meant that innovative products like the iBook had trouble competing in the personal computer market place. In the year 2000, Apple identified a new corporate strategy to exploit the growing worldwide market in personal electronic devices- CD players, MP3 players, digital cameras etc. It would launch its own Apple version of these products to add high-value, user friendly software. Resulting products included iMovie for digital cameras and iDVD for DVD players. The iPod was launched in 2001 and was followed by the iTunes Music store in 2003 in USA and 2004 in Europe. The product has proven unbelievably successful; over 100 million units have been sold in the six years since its introduction. In 2003, Apples iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads in integration with the iPod. The service quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 3 billion downloads by August 2007. Steve Jobs announced that iTunes had reached 4 billion downloads during his keynote address at the 2008 Macworld Conference Expo. The iTunes was essentially an agreement with the worlds 5 leading record companies to allow legal downloaded of music tracks using the internet for 99 cents each. This was a major success for Apple- it had persuaded the record companies to adopt a different approach to the problem of music piracy. At the time, this revolutionary agreement was unique to Apple and was due to the negotiating skills of Steve Jobs, the Apple chief executive, and his network of contacts in the industry. By 2005, Apples music player- the iPod- was the premium priced, stylish market leader with around 60% of the world sales. Its iTunes download software had been redeveloped to allow it to work with all windows compatible computers (about 90% of all PCs) and it had around 70% of the world music download market, the market being worth around US$330 million per annum. However, by 2005, all the major companies like Sony, Philips and Panasonic were catching up fast with new launches that were just as stylish, cheaper and with more capacity. Apples competitors were even reaching agreements with the record companies to provide legal downloading of music from websites. Another Example of the likely competition came from the mobile telephone market leader, Nokia, and the dominant software company Microsoft. In February 2005, they jointly announced that all new Nokia mobile phones would come with Microsofts Windows media 10, allowing downloading of music from PCs onto mobile phones- yet another threat to apple. However Apple was the market leader and was able to demonstrate major increases in sales and profits from the development of iPod and iTunes by early 2005. One thing that has been established is that Apple releases a few versions of one great computer and then offers new software that easily integrates with the other software. Well, Apple has a lot of software that only within the last 4 or so years began to integrate with PC things as well as hardware. For this reason Apple has only been able to gain supplies from a limited set of suppliers, leaving Apple in a vulnerable position. However, one of Apples competencies is a great designing department. They come up with fun looking machines and professional looking machines. The other important thing is the size and the colour of the machine. Distribution Apple has many forms of distribution from their own retail outlet, to business to business selling, to their online store. First there are the Apple retail stores; most of these will be found in major cities across the US and the UK. From these or the website anything can be offered to customers and the products can be even more personalized than they already are. Their most important deals are probably with education. For years they have been offering their computers to schools for years and have grown a large following just from the children that are familiar with Apple and comfortable with Apple interface. This also allows Apple to watch market trends since their market is also people between 20 and 30 years old. The young children will be the future so Apple simply watches what they are interested in. Their final bit of distribution comes from other warehouse companies or help desk companies that need the Apple parts and products to fix peoples computers. There are also third party stores that might display the product amongst several other laptop options. Their main manufacturing, development, designing stuff can be found in California and in Ireland. These two points must serve as umbrellas under which warehouses and retail shops would order or receive from them. Marketing stratergy I think Apples main stratergy is there appeal to their customers. What you find in general with many of their products more btter looking than the competitions. One thing we can see is Apple building on the popularity of the iPod. It appeals to the Mass market. Now appeal less as a computer company and more of a electronics company and seem more user-friendly. Apple have a differentiation stratergy. Apple products are known to have a unique appeal, with its sleek designs a userbility. Due to this it gets a lot of attention from consumers and the media. Without much advertising or marketing on their part. They give something new and unique to talk about which everybody gets pulled in to. With the iPod there not only selling a mp3 player, there selling a social chic. Everybody has one and everybody wants one. Target Market Apple Ipod focused particularly at those between the age of 12-25, consistent with their advertising. Bright colours and a man dancing. It will appeal to both males and females People who have a passion or interest in music and/or literature Technology enthusiasts The iPod appeals to the mass market, everyone is a potential customer. Young or old. They have music, literature and podcasts all avaiable for the iPod owners. The simplicity and sleek design is what attracts people. Although the latest ones (the touch) are expensive, and may be aimed at higher and older earners. Word count 1371 Appropriate models, such as environmental analysis, industry analysis, lifecycle, analysis, resource analysis, swot and pest analysis, Porters 5 forces etc (these do NOT form part of the word count). PESTEL-Analysis: Economical aspects: Inflation currently has increased in UK and the US and may affect current sales of ipods which have already slowed. Global economy in a down turn The exchange rate will also affect Apple as they are importing or exporting goods within the international market. Socio-cultural aspects: Again Anti-American agenda may cause potential customers to but from another company. A generally aging British population, so many may be put off by the technology As much as it is a iPod culture, it can go away as quickly as it came. People may find something else which is better and more value for money. Technical aspects: The wide range of fast changing high-tech/high-quality download possibilities, encourages consumers to download but it also puts more pressure on competing firms, as they have to stay up-to-date with the newest technologies. Considerable developments in the mobile phone market (3G handsets becoming reality and expanded features available to the customer) will push the multimedia download market into new spheres and will open up great opportunities for Apple. Many substitutes available from iRiver, Samsung and Sony. Competition moving away from copy protection on songs, Such as Amazon. Peer-to-peer file sharing applications like Lime wire and Kazaa are still extremely popular. Although this is a problem with the music industry on a whole. This still however affects iTunes. Legal aspects: Issues of copyrights and illegal downloads greatly affect the music download industry and are a major problem for active legal providers. A former lack of legislation in this area has encouraged consumers away from commercial downloading services and as a response to this, new technologies have been introduced that protect the copyright of owners and prevent customers to download and share files illegaly. Digital Rights Managment (DRM) was created to control the number of copies that can be made from a download and although for the music industry there are many positive aspects to DRM, there are surely as many negative for the consumer. Therefore, some companies have already planned to open big portals on DRM-Free tracks that will legally enable the consumer to download files without being limited to a certain number of computers, portable digital devices and CD burns for a reasonable price. Source: Corporate Stratergy finntrack.com Porters 5 Forces: Substitute products: A substitute product is not a direct alternative to the product a company is selling. For example, the new Sony Walkman media player is not a substitute for the iPod Touch, it is a competitor. However, a personal CD player or MP3 player could be if certain aspects of the market were to change, e.g. price and there was a high elasticity of demand. In the case of iTunes, with music there is a wide range of options for buying music and therefore are many substitutes within the music industry, for example tapes, CDs, vinyl and DVDs. All of these are easily accessible and just as convenient as downloading from the internet. The benefit which iTunes has is that you do not have to buy whole albums; you can download songs individually and at a fraction of the cost of a single song on another format. Also you are able to buy movies, TV shows, audio books and Podcasts, all available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Reports by Mintel have shown that sale price and the volume of sales is falling f or non digital media, consequently as a result of internet downloading. The Threat of new Entrants: Already, there are hundreds of media downloading sites available to use on the internet. Some are legal and some are not. It is more difficult to block and put barriers up for illegal entrants into the market because they are not abiding by the law and therefore do not have patents, licences or the rights to distribute media, but still do. With legitimate start up companies, there are capital requirements, possible patents licences to obtain and ultimately the prospect of competing with already well established and reputable companies such as iTunes. Mintel predicts that there will be an influx of new companies willing to invest in the online downloading industry. A big threat for Apple constitutes the entrance of Amazon into the market. The company announced the launch of a new music download portal that offers a wide range of DRM-Free tracks to a reasonable price. Since there are many advantages to DRM-Free tracks, like the fact that users can legaly copy the files without being r estricted to a certain number of copies, consumers are expected to highly welcome the new download store. Apple has to be aware of the fact, that it could lose both new and old customers by restricting them to Digital Rights Management tracks that can only be played on Apples iPod and not on any MP3 capable device, as it is the case with Amazon. Bargaining Power Of Customers: Due to the vast range of direct alternatives and substitutes, iTunes needs to price competitively as well as maintaining reputation and range availability. Consumers are easily swayed to alternative products, especially the ease and free use of illegal downloading sites and therefore need to be drawn in to using legal downloading sites like iTunes. Consumers have great power due to their ability to buy from any one competitor in the music industry and can therefore potentially dictate prices by constantly buying from the cheapest company, thus forcing competitors to reduce prices. Obviously one customer would not make a difference, but collectively customers are strong. As for the Apple iPhone, it has to be considered that network providers have great power over the company, as they could decide not to sell the iPhone or put pressure on the company that forces them to pay a certain amount of their revenues to the provider. At the moment, Apple has restricted itself to one provider, O2, and therefore greatly depends on them selling the iPhone but this will surely change over time. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Similarly to bargaining power of customers, there is the bargaining power of suppliers. iTunes have to submit to the requirements of the consumer market to be competitive, but on the other hand have the ability to bargain with their suppliers due to the size and reputation of the company, thus they are a supplier and a customer. Due to the volume of sales that iTunes have, it would be foolish for companies such as SonyBMG, Universal, Warner and EMI to not compromise on the costs and rights to distribute their music, as their success in the music download market highly depends on the successful distribution of their music, mainly through Apple. This fact clearly limits the bargaining power of suppliers to a certain degree, although Apple has to consider that without their music iTunes could not function as efficiently as the market demands. Therefore a compromise must arise that suits both companies, a possible agreement could be initial fees plus percentage of sales. Intensity of Rivalry: Although the amount of companies operating in the music download market is pretty high, Apple is the clear market leader. Still the multimedia download market is a market in its growth phase with fast changing technologies and many new companies entering the market. At the moment, it seems very unlikely that a company could seriously threaten Apples market position but the company has to be aware of the fact that there are other big multinational companies trying to enter the market with new technologies and ways of offering their services. SWOT-Analyses: Strengths: Apple is the clear market leader in the music downloadand steady financial performance. Revenues have grown from $5,742 million in 2002 to $19,315 million in 2006 and the companys net profit has increased from $65 million in 2002 to $1,989 million in 2006 (Datamonitor, 2007). Steady financial growth shows the good financial state of the company and builds the base for future growth and expansion. Also, the company has a very strong branding and enjoys a high level of brand recognition and brand awareness that allows the company to differentiate its offers and stimulate sales. Strengths of the company is defined by its successful distribution of the iPod and its software iTunes. With every iPod sold, the consumer automatically installs iTunes on his pc, as it is only possible to download music from Apples original software to an iPod. Moreover, Apple products are being considered as hip, stylish and fashionable which is increasingly becoming important for consumers. Furthermore, Apple devices and software attract customers for their convenience, their ease of use and for always being up-to-date with the newest technology. Apple has also collaborated with large brand companies like Nike, Starbucks, Coca Cola and Google, which has had beneficial impacts on both Apple and their partners and has created a new profile, e.g. linking sports and music culture. Weaknesses: First off all there is to say that although the interconnection between the iPod/iPhone and iTunes has been a key factor to Apples success this restriction could become a problem in the future, as more and more customers are looking for devices and online portals that allow them to download MP3s to any MP3 capable device. Moreover, Apple has only a very limited offer of DRM-Free tracks on iTunes, which can be defined as a strong weakness since an increasing number of customers fancy DRM-Free downloads. Another weakness for Apple lies in its pricing, especially for its iPhone. A Mintel research about the mobile phone market in the UK defined pricing and costs to be the most important factor when it comes to purchasing a phone (Mintel, 2007). Also, the iPhone currently doesnt allow the costumer to directly download files to the mobile, which, compared to the new Nokia N-Series, is a enormous weakness, since it could prevent customers to buy the Apple device and go for the Nokia handset instead. This could lead to a loss of Apples market share to its competitor Nokia. Also, technically, the iPhone isnt quiet as good as its competitor the Nokia N95, as it runs on a slower mobile data service and comes only with a 2 Megapixel camera. Another weakness for Apple is, that theyve only chosen one operator in each country where the iPhone is available and thus has restricted the consumers choice of network operators. Threats: The comanys biggest threat probably constitutes the entrance of Nokia into the digital download market. By providing the opportunity to directly download files to a handset device, Nokia could gain some of Apples a market share in the digital download market, since customers are increasingly fancying mobile downloads that dont restrict them to a bulky pc or laptop. The mobile download market is one of the most opportunity-rich markets the world has ever seen, as Nokias Chief Executive Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo states (Halper,2007), and if Apple doesnt catch up fast on this opportunity it is running risk to loose its superiour market position to Nokia. Another threat for Apple constitutes the launch of online portals that are specialized in marketing DRM-Free tracks. More and more customers are looking for music that doesnt restrict them to a certain number of copies or to a special device as it is the case with iTunes and the iPod. Although Apple is currently trying to improve its choice of DRM-Free tracks, it still lacks the greater choice and lower price of companies such as Amazon which could lead to custmers switching over from Apple to those in terms of DRM more convinincing sites. Also the threat of illegal download sites would have an negative impact, due to the availability of free digital content that could sway customers away from Apples iTunes. Opportunities: Although currently especially the youth customer segment is seen as the major target group for downloading, as these customers seem to be less restrictive towards new technologies, providing more substantial and sophisticated products and services for older and wealthier people could proof very profitable for Apple. With the launch of its iPhone Apple has already done an important move into the mobile phone market that might allow the company to challenge its biggest threat Nokia on their home market. As more and more customers are increasingly becoming aware of innovative techologies and of the benefits arising out of Internet downloading Apple should now take advantage of the great opportunities arising from the fast growing mobile phone download market by making its services directly downloadable to its iPhone as its rival Nokia has already done. Also, the upcoming change in the digital download industry towards ad-supported content could be an opportunity for Apple, if the compan y manages to strike advertising deals with companies that allow Apple to offer services for free to customers who agree to watching ads. This could bring a whole new bunch of customers to the company. Although these customers wont have to pay for the add-supported services, they will probably buy an iPod or an iPhone or another Apple hardware device. Resource Analysis:- The resources of an organisation include its human resource skills, the investment and the capital in every part of the organisation. Apple has advantages in the production and marketing of its new iPod music player and associated software that set the standards for the industry. It had also invested heavily in branding its products and the Apple retail stores that sold its products. All these were part of its resources. Apple takes supplies it buys in- such as components, energy, skills and capital equipment and then uses its own resources and expertise to create a product from these supplies- such as a computer or an iPod- that has a value which is higher than the combined value of all the supplies which have been used to make the product. Environmental Analysis:- Organisations need to develop corporate strategies that are best suited to their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the environment in which they operate. For example, Apple faces a highly competitive environment for its competitors in relation to the American companies such as Dell, Hewlett Packard. In addition, the company had to cope with changing levels of economic growth in many markets around the world, which influenced the decisions of its customers to purchase new computers.